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Home » How to Deploy a WordPress Website using Docker, AWS ECR, and AWS EKS

How to Deploy a WordPress Website using Docker, AWS ECR, and AWS EKS

Yuvraj Thapa Chhetri014 mins
Deploy Wordpress Using Docker, ECR & EKS

In today’s cloud-native era, deploying applications in containers is a must-have skill — especially for dynamic websites like WordPress. In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to deploy a WordPress website using Docker, push the container image to AWS Elastic Container Registry (ECR), and run it on Amazon EKS (Elastic Kubernetes Service).

This approach gives you scalability, resilience, and performance for your WordPress site — while using modern DevOps practices.

Let’s dive into the full step-by-step guide!

Prerequisites

Before starting, make sure you have:

  • An AWS Account

  • AWS CLI configured (aws configure)

  • Docker installed

  • kubectl installed and configured

  • eksctl installed

  • Basic knowledge of Docker and Kubernetes

Step 1: Dockerize Your WordPress Application

First, let’s create a Docker file for frontend wordpress

Screenshot_1

Similarly, Create Docker file for backend WordPress which means for MySQL

Screenshot_2

Now, Create docker-compose file

  • We are using docker compose to build and run wordpress website in localhost
Screenshot_5

Basically, we have created a Dockerfile for both WordPress and MySQL, along with a Docker Compose file to build the docker images and run the containers locally. This allows us to verify that the website is working properly before deploying it to the cloud.

Now, Build Images using docker compose

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bash 

docker compose build

Verify your images

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bash 

docker images

Run docker container

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bash 

docker compose up -d
Screenshot_9

After successfully run the container go to browser and paste URL

  • http://localhost:8080/ 
Screenshot_10

Step 2: Push Your Docker Images to AWS ECR

Prerequisites

  • Configure AWS CLI 
  • Set a AWS region and acoount

Set AWS region and AWS account

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bash 

AWS_REGION=us-east-1 
AWS_ACCOUNT_ID=$(aws sts get-caller-identity --query Account --output text)

To verifying

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bash 

ehco $AWS_REGION
echo $AWS_ACCOUNT_ID

Now, create ECR repositories in AWS for both wp-frontend and wp-mysql.

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bash 

# For WordPress
aws ecr create-repository --repository-name wp-frontend --region $AWS_REGION
# For Mysql
aws ecr create-repository --reposiroty-name wp-backend --region $AWS_REGION
Screenshot_13

Login to AWS ECR

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bash 

aws ecr get-login-password -–region $AWS_REGION | docker login --username AWS --password-stdin ${AWS_ACCOUNT_ID}.dkr.ecr.${AWS_REGION}.amazonaws.com

Now tag your images to push to AWS ECR

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bash 

# Tag for WordPress-frontend
docker tag cloudwithyuvi/wp-frontend:latest ${AWS_ACCOUNT_ID}.dkr.ecr.${AWS_REGION}.amazonaws.com/wp-frontend:latest

# tag for Mysql-Backend
docker tag cloudwithyuvi/wp-backend:8.0 ${AWS_ACCOUNT_ID}.dkr.ecr.${AWS_REGION}.amazonaws.com/wp-backend:8.0

Push the wordpress- frontend images in AWS ECR

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bash 

docker push ${AWS_ACCOUNT_ID}.dkr.ecr.${AWS_REGION}.amazonaws.com/wp-frontend:latest
Screenshot_15

Push the mysql-backend images in AWS ECR

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bash 

docker push ${AWS_ACCOUNT_ID}.dkr.ecr.${AWS_REGION}.amazonaws.com/wp-backend:8.0
Screenshot_16

You can verify your images in AWS ECR 

  • Go to AWS Console and click on ECR 
  • Click on your repository and you will find your images
Screenshot_17

Step 3: Deploy WordPress to AWS EKS using ECR Images

Prerequisites

  • Configure AWS CLI 
  • Set a AWS region and acoount
  • Install kubectl 
  • Install eksctl 
  • Install Helm 

Install kubectl

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bash 

curl -o kubectl https://amazon-eks.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/1.30.0/2024-06-14/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl
chmod +x ./kubectl
sudo mv ./kubectl /usr/local/bin

kubectl version --client

Install eksctl

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bash 

curl --silent --location "https://github.com/eksctl-io/eksctl/releases/latest/download/eksctl_$(uname -s)_amd64.tar.gz" | tar xz -C /tmp
sudo mv /tmp/eksctl /usr/local/bin

eksctl version

Now, create ECR repositories in AWS for both wp-frontend and wp-mysql.

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bash 

# For WordPress
aws ecr create-repository --repository-name wp-frontend --region $AWS_REGION
# For Mysql
aws ecr create-repository --reposiroty-name wp-backend --region $AWS_REGION

Now, create role for EC2

  • Go to AWS Console —> click on IAM 
  • Click on role tab and create 
    • Use Case: EC2
  • Attach Policies 
    • AmazonEKSWorkerNodePolicy
    • AmazonEC2ContainerRegistryReadOnly
    • AmazonEKS_CNI_Policy
  • Role Name: EKSNodeRole

Attach Policy to nodegroup to access EBS volume

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bash 

aws iam attach-role-policy --role-name <nodegroup-role-name> --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AmazonEBSCSIDriverPolicy

Now, create AWS EKS cluster

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bash 

eksctl create cluster \
  --name wordpress-cluster \
  --region ap-south-1 \
  --nodegroup-name wordpress-nodes \
  --node-type t3.medium \
  --nodes 2 \
  --nodes-min 2 \
  --nodes-max 4 \
  --managed

Note: It will take 10-15 min to create AWS EKS Cluster. You can take tea break 😂😂

Screenshot_22

Update Kubeconfig

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bash 

aws eks --region ap-south-1 update-kubeconfig --name wordpress-cluster

Verifying and get nodes

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bash 

kubectl get nodes
Screenshot_29

Install EBS CSI Driver [ For Storage ]

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bash 

eksctl create iamserviceaccount --name ebs-csi-controller-sa --namespace kube-system --cluster wordpress-cluster --attach-policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AmazonEBSCSIDriverPolicy --approve --role-only --role-name AmazonEKS_EBS_CSI_DriverRole

Enable Driver from Console

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bash 

aws eks create-addon --cluster-name wordpress-cluster --addon-name aws-ebs-csi-driver --service-account-role-arn arn:aws:iam::<account_id>:role/AmazonEKS_EBS_CSI_DriverRole

Verify Driver

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bash 

kubectl get pods -n kube-system | grep ebs

Now, Create Menifest file for deploy wordpress

For namespace.yml

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yaml 

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: wordpress

Apply namespace.yml

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yaml 

kubectl apply -f namespace.yaml

For wordpress-pvc.yml

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yaml 

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: wp-pv-claim
  namespace: wordpress
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 20Gi
  storageClassName: gp2

Apply wordpress-pvc.yml

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yaml 

kubectl apply -f wordpress-pvc.yml

For mysql-pvc.yml

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yaml 

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: wp-pv-claim
  namespace: wordpress
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 20Gi
  storageClassName: gp2

Apply mysql-pvc.yml

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yaml 

kubectl apply -f mysql-pvc.yml

For wordpress-deployment.yml

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yaml 

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: wordpress
  namespace: wordpress
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: wordpress
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: wordpress
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: .dkr.ecr.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/:latest
        name: wordpress
        env:
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_HOST
          value: mysql.wordpress.svc.cluster.local:3306
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_USER
          value: wpuser
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD
          value: wppassword
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_NAME
          value: wordpress
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        volumeMounts:
        - name: wp-persistent-storage
          mountPath: /var/www/html
      volumes:
      - name: wp-persistent-storage
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: wp-pv-claim

Apply wordpress-deployment.yml

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yaml 

kubectl apply -f wordpress-deployment.yml

For wordpress-service.yml

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yaml 

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: wordpress-service
  namespace: wordpress
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  ports:
    - port: 80
  selector:
    app: wordpress

Apply wordpress-service.yml

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yaml 

kubectl apply -f wordpress-service.yml

For mysql-deployment.yml

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yaml 

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: mysql
  namespace: wordpress
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: mysql
  strategy:
    type: Recreate
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: mysql
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: mysql:8.0
        name: mysql
        env:
        - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
          value: rootpassword
        - name: MYSQL_DATABASE
          value: wordpress
        - name: MYSQL_USER
          value: wpuser
        - name: MYSQL_PASSWORD
          value: wppassword
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3306
          name: mysql
        volumeMounts:
        - name: mysql-persistent-storage
          mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
      volumes:
      - name: mysql-persistent-storage
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: mysql-pv-claim

Apply mysql-deployment.yml

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yaml 

kubectl apply -f mysql-deployment.yml

For mysql-servcie.yml

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yaml 

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mysql
  namespace: wordpress
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 3306
  selector:
    app: mysql
  clusterIP: None

Apply mysql-servcie.yml

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yaml 

kubectl apply -f mysql-service.yml

Now, Verify persistent volume claim will be bound status

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yaml 

kubectl get pvc -n wordpress

Verify pods status are running

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yaml 

kubectl get pods -n wordpress

Copy the external IP for run your website on browser

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yaml 

kubectl get svc -n wordpress
Screenshot_27

If all are running status then copy the External IP of wordpress-service and paste it on your browser. 

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