Deploy a wordpress website using docker , AWS ECR & EKS

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In today’s cloud-native era, deploying applications in containers is a must-have skill especially for dynamic websites like WordPress. In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to deploy a WordPress website using Docker, push the container image to AWS Elastic Container Registry (ECR), and run it on Amazon EKS (Elastic Kubernetes Service).

This approach gives you scalability, resilience, and performance for your WordPress site — while using modern DevOps practices.

Let’s dive into the full step-by-step guide!

Prerequisites

Before starting, make sure you have:

An AWS Account
AWS CLI configured (aws configure)
Docker installed
kubectl installed and configured
eksctl installed
Basic knowledge of Docker and Kubernetes

Step 1: Dockerize Your WordPress Application

First, let’s create a Docker file for frontend wordpress

Similarly, Create Docker file for backend WordPress which means for MySQL

Now, Create docker-compose file

We are using docker compose to build and run wordpress website in localhost

Basically, we have created a Dockerfile for both WordPress and MySQL, along with a Docker Compose file to build the docker images and run the containers locally. This allows us to verify that the website is working properly before deploying it to the cloud.

Now, Build Images using docker compose

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docker compose build

Verify your images

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docker images

Run docker container Multi Copy Code Blocks

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docker compose up -d

After successfully run the container go to browser and paste URL

http://localhost:8080/

Step 2: Push Your Docker Images to AWS ECR

Prerequisites

Configure AWS CLI
Set a AWS region and acoount

Set AWS region and AWS account Multi Copy Code Blocks

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AWS_REGION=us-east-1 
AWS_ACCOUNT_ID=$(aws sts get-caller-identity --query Account --output text)

To verifying Multi Copy Code Blocks

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ehco $AWS_REGION
echo $AWS_ACCOUNT_ID

Now, create ECR repositories in AWS for both wp-frontend and wp-mysql. Multi Copy Code Blocks

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# For WordPress
aws ecr create-repository --repository-name wp-frontend --region $AWS_REGION

# For Mysql
aws ecr create-repository --reposiroty-name wp-backend --region $AWS_REGION

Login to AWS ECRMulti Copy Code Blocks

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aws ecr get-login-password -–region $AWS_REGION | docker login --username AWS --password-stdin ${AWS_ACCOUNT_ID}.dkr.ecr.${AWS_REGION}.amazonaws.com

Now tag your images to push to AWS ECRMulti Copy Code Blocks

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# Tag for WordPress-frontend
docker tag cloudwithyuvi/wp-frontend:latest ${AWS_ACCOUNT_ID}.dkr.ecr.${AWS_REGION}.amazonaws.com/wp-frontend:latest

# tag for Mysql-Backend
docker tag cloudwithyuvi/wp-backend:8.0 ${AWS_ACCOUNT_ID}.dkr.ecr.${AWS_REGION}.amazonaws.com/wp-backend:8.0

Push the wordpress- frontend images in AWS ECR
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docker push ${AWS_ACCOUNT_ID}.dkr.ecr.${AWS_REGION}.amazonaws.com/wp-frontend:latest

Push the mysql-backend images in AWS ECR Multi Copy Code Blocks

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docker push ${AWS_ACCOUNT_ID}.dkr.ecr.${AWS_REGION}.amazonaws.com/wp-backend:8.0

You can verify your images in AWS ECR

Go to AWS Console and click on ECR
Click on your repository and you will find your images

Step 3: Deploy WordPress to AWS EKS using ECR Images

Prerequisites

Configure AWS CLI
Set a AWS region and acoount
Install kubectl
Install eksctl
Install Helm

Install kubectl
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curl -o kubectl https://amazon-eks.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/1.30.0/2024-06-14/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl
chmod +x ./kubectl
sudo mv ./kubectl /usr/local/bin

kubectl version --client

Install eksctl
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curl --silent --location "https://github.com/eksctl-io/eksctl/releases/latest/download/eksctl_$(uname -s)_amd64.tar.gz" | tar xz -C /tmp
sudo mv /tmp/eksctl /usr/local/bin

eksctl version

Now, create ECR repositories in AWS for both wp-frontend and wp-mysql.
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# For WordPress
aws ecr create-repository --repository-name wp-frontend --region $AWS_REGION

# For Mysql
aws ecr create-repository --reposiroty-name wp-backend --region $AWS_REGION

Now, create role for EC2

Go to AWS Console —> click on IAM
Click on role tab and create
- Use Case: EC2
Attach Policies
- AmazonEKSWorkerNodePolicy
- AmazonEC2ContainerRegistryReadOnly
- AmazonEKS_CNI_Policy
Role Name: EKSNodeRole

Attach Policy to nodegroup to access EBS volume
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aws iam attach-role-policy --role-name  --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AmazonEBSCSIDriverPolicy

Now, create AWS EKS cluster
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eksctl create cluster \
  --name wordpress-cluster \
  --region ap-south-1 \
  --nodegroup-name wordpress-nodes \
  --node-type t3.medium \
  --nodes 2 \
  --nodes-min 2 \
  --nodes-max 4 \
  --managed

Note: It will take 10-15 min to create AWS EKS Cluster. You can take tea break 😂😂

Update Kubeconfig
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aws eks --region ap-south-1 update-kubeconfig --name wordpress-cluster

Verifying and get nodes
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kubectl get nodes

Install EBS CSI Driver [ For Storage ]Multi Copy Code Blocks

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eksctl create iamserviceaccount --name ebs-csi-controller-sa --namespace kube-system --cluster wordpress-cluster --attach-policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AmazonEBSCSIDriverPolicy --approve --role-only --role-name AmazonEKS_EBS_CSI_DriverRole

Enable Driver from Console

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aws eks create-addon --cluster-name wordpress-cluster --addon-name aws-ebs-csi-driver --service-account-role-arn arn:aws:iam:::role/AmazonEKS_EBS_CSI_DriverRole

Verify DriverMulti Copy Code Blocks

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kubectl get pods -n kube-system | grep ebs

Now, Create Menifest file for deploy wordpress

For namespace.yml
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apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: wordpress

Apply namespace.yml
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kubectl apply -f namespace.yaml

For wordpress-pvc.yml
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apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: wp-pv-claim
  namespace: wordpress
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 20Gi
  storageClassName: gp2

Apply wordpress-pvc.yml

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kubectl apply -f wordpress-pvc.yml

For mysql-pvc.yml
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apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: wp-pv-claim
  namespace: wordpress
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 20Gi
  storageClassName: gp2

Apply mysql-pvc.yml Multi Copy Code Blocks

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kubectl apply -f mysql-pvc.yml

For wordpress-deployment.ymlMulti Copy Code Blocks

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apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: wordpress
  namespace: wordpress
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: wordpress
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: wordpress
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: .dkr.ecr.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/:latest
        name: wordpress
        env:
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_HOST
          value: mysql.wordpress.svc.cluster.local:3306
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_USER
          value: wpuser
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD
          value: wppassword
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_NAME
          value: wordpress
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        volumeMounts:
        - name: wp-persistent-storage
          mountPath: /var/www/html
      volumes:
      - name: wp-persistent-storage
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: wp-pv-claim

Apply wordpress-deployment.yml

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kubectl apply -f wordpress-deployment.yml

For wordpress-service.yml
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apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: wordpress-service
  namespace: wordpress
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  ports:
    - port: 80
  selector:
    app: wordpress

Apply wordpress-service.ymlMulti Copy Code Blocks

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kubectl apply -f wordpress-service.yml

For mysql-deployment.yml
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apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: mysql
  namespace: wordpress
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: mysql
  strategy:
    type: Recreate
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: mysql
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: mysql:8.0
        name: mysql
        env:
        - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
          value: rootpassword
        - name: MYSQL_DATABASE
          value: wordpress
        - name: MYSQL_USER
          value: wpuser
        - name: MYSQL_PASSWORD
          value: wppassword
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3306
          name: mysql
        volumeMounts:
        - name: mysql-persistent-storage
          mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
      volumes:
      - name: mysql-persistent-storage
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: mysql-pv-claim

Apply mysql-deployment.yml Multi Copy Code Blocks

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kubectl apply -f mysql-deployment.yml

For mysql-servcie.yml
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apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mysql
  namespace: wordpress
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 3306
  selector:
    app: mysql
  clusterIP: None

Apply mysql-servcie.yml Multi Copy Code Blocks

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kubectl apply -f mysql-service.yml

Now, Verify persistent volume claim will be bound status
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kubectl get pvc -n wordpress

Verify pods status are runningMulti Copy Code Blocks

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kubectl get pods -n wordpress

Copy the external IP for run your website on browserMulti Copy Code Blocks

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kubectl get svc -n wordpress

If all are running status then copy the External IP of wordpress-service and paste it on your browser.

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Prerequisites

Step 1: Dockerize Your WordPress Application

First, let’s create a Docker file for frontend wordpress

Similarly, Create Docker file for backend WordPress which means for MySQL

Now, Create docker-compose file

Now, Build Images using docker compose

Verify your images

Run docker container Multi Copy Code Blocks

Step 2: Push Your Docker Images to AWS ECR

Prerequisites

Set AWS region and AWS account Multi Copy Code Blocks

To verifying Multi Copy Code Blocks

Now, create ECR repositories in AWS for both wp-frontend and wp-mysql. Multi Copy Code Blocks

Login to AWS ECRMulti Copy Code Blocks

Now tag your images to push to AWS ECRMulti Copy Code Blocks

Push the wordpress- frontend images in AWS ECR Multi Copy Code Blocks

Push the mysql-backend images in AWS ECR Multi Copy Code Blocks

Step 3: Deploy WordPress to AWS EKS using ECR Images

Prerequisites

Install kubectl Multi Copy Code Blocks

Install eksctlMulti Copy Code Blocks

Now, create ECR repositories in AWS for both wp-frontend and wp-mysql.Multi Copy Code Blocks

Now, create role for EC2

Attach Policy to nodegroup to access EBS volumeMulti Copy Code Blocks

Now, create AWS EKS cluster Multi Copy Code Blocks

Update Kubeconfig Multi Copy Code Blocks

Verifying and get nodes Multi Copy Code Blocks

Install EBS CSI Driver [ For Storage ]Multi Copy Code Blocks

Enable Driver from Console

Verify DriverMulti Copy Code Blocks

Now, Create Menifest file for deploy wordpress

For namespace.yml Multi Copy Code Blocks

Apply namespace.ymlMulti Copy Code Blocks

For wordpress-pvc.ymlMulti Copy Code Blocks

Apply wordpress-pvc.yml

For mysql-pvc.ymlMulti Copy Code Blocks

Apply mysql-pvc.yml Multi Copy Code Blocks

For wordpress-deployment.ymlMulti Copy Code Blocks

Apply wordpress-deployment.yml

For wordpress-service.ymlMulti Copy Code Blocks

Apply wordpress-service.ymlMulti Copy Code Blocks

For mysql-deployment.ymlMulti Copy Code Blocks

Apply mysql-deployment.yml Multi Copy Code Blocks

For mysql-servcie.ymlMulti Copy Code Blocks

Apply mysql-servcie.yml Multi Copy Code Blocks

Now, Verify persistent volume claim will be bound status Multi Copy Code Blocks

Verify pods status are runningMulti Copy Code Blocks

Copy the external IP for run your website on browserMulti Copy Code Blocks

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Push the wordpress- frontend images in AWS ECR
Multi Copy Code Blocks

Install kubectl
Multi Copy Code Blocks

Install eksctl
Multi Copy Code Blocks

Now, create ECR repositories in AWS for both wp-frontend and wp-mysql.
Multi Copy Code Blocks

Attach Policy to nodegroup to access EBS volume
Multi Copy Code Blocks

Now, create AWS EKS cluster
Multi Copy Code Blocks

Update Kubeconfig
Multi Copy Code Blocks

Verifying and get nodes
Multi Copy Code Blocks

For namespace.yml
Multi Copy Code Blocks

Apply namespace.yml
Multi Copy Code Blocks

For wordpress-pvc.yml
Multi Copy Code Blocks

For mysql-pvc.yml
Multi Copy Code Blocks

For wordpress-service.yml
Multi Copy Code Blocks

For mysql-deployment.yml
Multi Copy Code Blocks

For mysql-servcie.yml
Multi Copy Code Blocks

Now, Verify persistent volume claim will be bound status
Multi Copy Code Blocks